↑ R. Allen Brown 1994, tr. 18: "The first Viking settlers in Normandy, it is agreed, were predominantly Danish, though their leader, Rollo was of Norse extraction."Lỗi harv: không có mục tiêu: CITEREFR._Allen_Brown1994 (trợ giúp)
↑ R. Allen Brown 1994, tr. 19: "the Northmen of Normandy became increasingly Gallicized, increasingly Norman we may say, until by the mid-eleventh century they were more French than the French, or, to speak correctly, more Frankish than the Franks."Lỗi harv: không có mục tiêu: CITEREFR._Allen_Brown1994 (trợ giúp)
↑ Chibnall 1999, tr. 2: "In Normandy the conquering northmen had assimilated...the indigenous Frankish and Gallo-Roman peoples..."Lỗi harv: không có mục tiêu: CITEREFChibnall1999 (trợ giúp)
